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美最新大學排行榜出爐引發爭議受抵制（圖）

發表：2008-09-28 22:01

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(backchina.com)

<美國新聞和世界報導>雜誌推出了08-09年的美國大學綜合實力及各個單項的排行榜。專家認為，學生不應該根據排行榜來決定自己的選擇，排行榜只應被用來作參考。和往年一樣，一些反排行榜組織抨擊排行榜出爐的原因是受到商業利益的驅使。

雜誌每年推出一份美國大學綜合實力及各個單項的排行榜。在最近剛剛推出的08-09年美國大學本科綜合實力排行榜上，哈佛大學位列第一，排名第二到第十的大學分別是普林斯頓大學、耶魯大學、麻省理工學院、斯坦福大學、加州理工學院、賓夕法尼亞大學、哥倫比亞大學、杜克大學以及芝加哥大學。

排名前四的文科學院分別是安默斯特學院、威廉姆斯學院、斯沃斯莫爾學院以及衛斯理學院；排名前四的公立大學包括加州大學伯克利分校、維吉尼亞大學、加州大學洛杉磯分校以及密西根大學。排行榜上還包括其它各門學科比如商科、物理、化學、工程學等各種五花八門的排名。

美國每年有很多不同的大學排行榜，不過雜誌的排行榜應該算是最權威、最受學生和家長喜愛和認可的一份排名。肯尼思·特雷爾是雜誌專門負責評選最佳綜合大學排名的編輯。他在接受記者採訪時表示，這和該雜誌連續25年來對讀者提供廣泛和可靠的信息息息相關。

他說：「我們比其它任何一個排行榜起步的時間都早，而且我們提供的信息量遠遠超過其它的排行榜，我們蒐集了數不勝數的各種數據，加以分析整理後呈現給我們的讀者，所以讀者非常看重我們的排名。」

近年來，紛紛出爐的各種大學排行榜遭到了一些教育界人士以及社會人士的大力抨擊，他們認為搞大學排名是排名機構受經濟利益驅使，這將對學生起到誤導作用。

2007年，位於俄勒岡州的非營利組織維護教育組織(Education Conservancy)聯合美國大約一百所高校的校長發出倡議信，敦促全國各高校校長一起拒絕填寫排名調查表，也不要利用排行榜作為學校的宣傳內容。

維護教育組織的執行總監羅伊德·撒克(Lloyd Thacker)在接受記者採訪時說：「大學排行榜是大學申請和錄取走向商業化的罪魁禍首，排名損害了教育的真正目的和價值，使教育系統出現了危機局面。這種排名在美國已經有30年的歷史了，30年來，沒有任何可衡量的數據顯示這些排行榜對學生產生任何教育方面的益處；相反，排行榜對學生產生的負面影響卻是不斷出現。」

雖然社會各方對於排行榜一事各執一詞，但是一些上了榜單的學校還是非常樂見這樣的排名結果。在本科教學綜合實力排名榜上位居第23以及在最佳公立學校上位居第二的維吉尼亞大學對學校取得的成績感到非常驕傲。

維吉尼亞大學的新聞發言人卡羅爾·伍德女士(Carol Wood)在接受採訪時告訴記者說：「事實上我們真的感到很高興。我們已經連續兩年取得這樣的好成績，這顯示了我們要把學校辦成最好大學的決心。當然，這要歸功於學校的每一位教職員工和學生的努力，是他們讓我們學校變成一個學習和生活的最佳場所。」

排行榜上的排名靠前是否對吸引學生申請學校起到了決定性作用呢？維吉尼亞大學的新聞發言人伍德女士不這樣認為，她表示，學校在教育界的良好聲譽才是吸引學生的關鍵因素。

她說：「我們努力讓學生在就學過程中能夠在教育和學術上積累豐富經驗；我們學校的聲譽不是建立在排名先後的順序上的，我們的學生知道他們在我們這裡能夠接受到良好的教育，他們在這裡接受的本科教育將對他們今後的人生產生積極的影響。」

雜誌在對大學進行排名時主要參考了幾個因素，包括同行的評估、畢業率、結業率、班級規模、錄取篩選過程、學生的SAT 成績、以及學生的高中成績等等。該雜誌編輯肯尼思·特雷爾對記者表示，雖然他們的排名是在科學分析的基礎上得出的，但是學生在選擇學校時應該根據自己的需要做出決定。

他說：「在決定上哪個學校前，學生應該只把我們的排行榜作為一種工具，我們只是鼓勵學生在挑選心儀的學校前，看看該校的各種排名，然後再看看同一地區的其它學校的各項指標如何，這樣學生有機會把他們感興趣的學校進行比較，看看哪所學校最適合他們。」

雖然維護教育組織和其它一些機構發起了聯合抵制大學排名的行動，但是據雜誌編輯肯尼思·特雷爾的介紹，他們對各個高校發出的問卷調查回收率還是相當可觀的，和幾年前相比並沒有出現減少的趨勢。

09年最新最全美國國家級綜合大學排名

Ranking	The name of university	City
國家一、二級大學排名
1	Harvard University	Cambridge, MA
2	Princeton University	Princeton, NJ
3	Yale University	New Haven, CT
4	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Cambridge, MA
4	Stanford University	Stanford, CA
6	California Institute of Technology	Pasadena, CA
	University of Pennsylvania	Philadelphia, PA
8	Columbia University	New York, NY
	Duke University	Durham, NC
	University of Chicago	Chicago, IL
11	Dartmouth College	Hanover, NH
12	Northwestern University	Evanston, IL
	Washington University in St. Louis	St. Louis, MO
14	Cornell University	Ithaca, NY
15	Johns Hopkins University	Baltimore, MD
16	Brown University	Providence, RI
17	Rice University	Houston, TX
18	Emory University	Atlanta, GA
	University of Notre Dame	Notre Dame, IN
	Vanderbilt University	Nashville, TN
21	University of California--Berkeley	Berkeley, CA
22	Carnegie Mellon University	Pittsburgh, PA
23	Georgetown University	Washington, DC
	University of Virginia	CharlottesvilleVA
25	University of California--Los Angeles	Los Angeles, CA
26	University of Michigan--Ann Arbor	Ann Arbor, MI
27	University of Southern California	Los Angeles, CA
28	Tufts University	Medford, MA
	Wake Forest University	WinstonSalemNC
30	University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill	Chapel Hill, NC
31	Brandeis University	Waltham, MA
32	College of William and Mary	Williamsburg, VA
33	New York University	New York, NY
34	Boston College	Chestnut Hill, MA
35	Georgia Institute of Technology	Atlanta, GA
	Lehigh University	Bethlehem, PA
	University of California--San Diego	La Jolla, CA
	University of Rochester	Rochester, NY
	University of Wisconsin--Madison	Madison, WI
40	University of Illinois--Urbana-Champaign	Champaign, IL
41	Case Western Reserve University	Cleveland, OH
	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	Troy, NY
	University of Washington	Seattle, WA
44	University of California--Davis	Davis, CA
	University of California--Irvine	Irvine, CA
	University of California--Santa Barbara	Santa BarbaraCA
47	Pennsylvania State University--University Park	Uni Park, PA
	University of Texas--Austin	Austin, TX
49	University of Florida	Gainesville, FL
50	Yeshiva University	New York, NY
51	Tulane University	New Orleans, LA
	University of Miami	Coral Gables, FL
53	George Washington University	Washington, DC
	Syracuse University	Syracuse, NY
	University of Maryland--College Park	College Park, MD
56	Ohio State University--Columbus	Columbus, OH
	Pepperdine University	Malibu, CA
58	University of Georgia	Athens, GA
	University of Pittsburgh	Pittsburgh, PA
60	Boston University	Boston, MA
61	Clemson University	Clemson, SC
	Fordham University	New York, NY
	University of Minnesota--Twin Cities	Minneapolis, MN
64	Rutgersthe State Uni of New Jersey-New Brunswick	Piscataway, NJ
	Texas A&M University--College Station	College St TX
66	Miami University--Oxford	Oxford, OH
	Purdue University--West Lafayette	West Lafayette,IN
	Southern Methodist University	Dallas, TX
	University of Connecticut	Storrs, CT
	University of Iowa	Iowa City, IA
71	Indiana University--Bloomington	Bloomington, IN
	Michigan State University	East Lansing, MI
	University of Delaware	Newark, DE
	Virginia Tech	Blacksburg, VA
	Worcester Polytechnic Institute	Worcester, MA
76	Baylor University	Waco, TX
77	Marquette University	Milwaukee, WI
	SUNY--Binghamton	Binghamton, NY
	University of Colorado--Boulder	Boulder, CO
80	Clark University	Worcester, MA
	Colorado School of Mines	Golden, CO
	St. Louis University	St. Louis, MO
83	American University	Washington, DC
	North Carolina State University--Raleigh	Raleigh, NC
	SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry	Syracuse, NY
	Stevens Institute of Technology	Hoboken, NJ
	University of Alabama	Tuscaloosa, AL
	University of Tulsa	Tulsa, OK
89	Drexel University	Philadelphia, PA
	Iowa State University	Ames, IA
	University of California--Riverside	Riverside, CA
	University of Denver	Denver, CO
	University of Kansas	Lawrence, KS
	University of Nebraska--Lincoln	Lincoln, NE
	University of Vermont	Burlington, VT
96	Auburn University	Auburn U, AL
	Northeastern University	Boston, MA
	SUNY--Stony Brook	Stony Brook, NY
	University of Arizona	Tucson, AZ
	University of California--Santa Cruz	Santa Cruz, CA
	University of Missouri--Columbia	Columbia, MO
102	Florida State University	Tallahassee, FL
	Howard University	Washington, DC
	Illinois Institute of Technology	Chicago, IL
	University of Massachusetts--Amherst	Amherst, MA
	University of San Diego	San Diego, CA
	University of the Pacific	Stockton, CA
	University of Dayton	Dayton, OH
108	University of Oklahoma	Norman, OK
	University of Oregon	Eugene, OR
	University of South Carolina--Columbia	Columbia, SC
	University of Tennessee	Knoxville, TN
113	Brigham Young University--Provo	Provo, UT
	Texas Christian University	Fort Worth, TX
	University of New Hampshire	Durham, NH
116	Catholic University of America	Washington, DC
	Loyola University Chicago	Chicago, IL
	Ohio University	Athens, OH
	University of Kentucky	Lexington, KY
	Washington State University	Pullman, WA
121	Arizona State University	Tempe, AZ
	Clarkson University	Potsdam, NY
	Michigan Technological University	Houghton, MI
	University at Buffalo--SUNY	Buffalo, NY
125	Colorado State University	Fort Collins, CO
	University of Arkansas	Fayetteville, AR
127	New Jersey Institute of Technology	Newark, NJ
	University of San Francisco	SanFranciscoCA
	University of Utah	Salt Lake City, UT
130	Duquesne University	Pittsburgh, PA
	Kansas State University	Manhattan, KS
	Louisiana State University--Baton Rouge	Baton Rouge, LA
	Samford University	Birmingham, AL
國家三級大學（共63所，排名131-193），排名不分先後，按字母順序排列
131	Adelphi University	Garden City, NY
132	Andrews University	Berrien Springs, MI
133	Azusa Pacific University	Azusa, CA
134	Ball State University	Muncie, IN
135	Bowling Green State University	Bowling Green, OH
136	DePaul University	Chicago, IL
137	Florida Institute of Technology	Melbourne, FL
138	George Mason University	Fairfax, VA
139	Hofstra University	Hempstead, NY
140	Illinois State University	Normal, IL
141	Kent State University	Kent, OH
142	Mississippi State University	Mississippi State, MS
143	Missouri University of Science & Technology	Rolla, MO
144	Montana State University	Bozeman, MT
145	New School	New York, NY
146	North Dakota State University	Fargo, ND
147	Oklahoma State University	Stillwater, OK
148	Old Dominion University	Norfolk, VA
149	Oregon State University	Corvallis, OR
150	Pace University	New York, NY
151	Pacific University	Forest Grove, OR
152	Polytechnic University	Brooklyn, NY
153	Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey--Newark	Newark, NJ
154	SUNY--Albany	Albany, NY
155	Seton Hall University	South Orange, NJ
156	South Carolina State University	Orangeburg, SC
157	Southern Illinois University--Carbondale	Carbondale, IL
158	St. John's University	Queens, NY
159	Temple University	Philadelphia, PA
160	Texas Tech University	Lubbock, TX
161	University of Alabama--Birmingham	Birmingham, AL
162	University of Alabama--Huntsville	Huntsville, AL
163	University of Central Florida	Orlando, FL
164	University of Cincinnati	Cincinnati, OH
165	University of Colorado--Denver	Denver, CO
166	University of Hawaii--Manoa	Honolulu, HI
167	University of Idaho	Moscow, ID
168	University of Illinois--Chicago	Chicago, IL
169	University of La Verne	La Verne, CA
170	University of Louisville	Louisville, KY
171	University of Maine	Orono, ME
172	University of Maryland--Baltimore County	Baltimore, MD
173	University of Massachusetts--Lowell	Lowell, MA
174	University of Mississippi	University, MS
175	University of Missouri--Kansas City	Kansas City, MO
176	University of Montana	Missoula, MT
177	University of Nevada--Reno	Reno, NV
178	University of New Mexico	Albuquerque, NM
179	University of North Carolina--Charlotte	Charlotte, NC
180	University of North Carolina--Greensboro	Greensboro, NC
181	University of North Dakota	Grand Forks, ND
182	University of Rhode Island	Kingston, RI
183	University of South Dakota	Vermillion, SD
184	University of South Florida	Tampa, FL
185	University of Southern Mississippi	Hattiesburg, MS
186	University of St. Thomas	St. Paul, MN
187	University of Texas--Dallas	Richardson, TX
188	University of Wyoming	Laramie, WY
189	Utah State University	Logan, UT
190	Virginia Commonwealth University	Richmond, VA
191	West Virginia University	Morgantown, WV
192	Western Michigan University	Kalamazoo, MI
193	Widener University	Chester, PA
國家四級大學（共所，排名194-258），排名不分先後，按字母順序排列
194	Barry University	Miami Shores, FL
195	Biola University	La Mirada, CA
196	Central Michigan University	Mount Pleasant, MI
197	Clark Atlanta University	Atlanta, GA
198	Cleveland State University	Cleveland, OH
199	East Carolina University	Greenville, NC
200	East Tennessee State University	Johnson City, TN
201	Florida A&M University	Tallahassee, FL
202	Florida Atlantic University	Boca Raton, FL
203	Florida International University	Miami, FL
204	George Fox University	Newberg, OR
205	George Fox University	Newberg, OR
206	Georgia Southern University	Statesboro, GA
207	Georgia State University	Atlanta, GA
208	Golden Gate University	San Francisco, CA
209	Idaho State University	Pocatello, ID
210	Immaculata University	Immaculata, PA
211	Indiana State University	Terre Haute, IN
212	Indiana University of Pennsylvania	Indiana, PA
213	Indiana University-Purdue University--Indianapolis	Indianapolis, IN
214	Jackson State University	Jackson, MS
215	Long Island University--C.W. Post Campus	Brookville, NY
216	Louisiana Tech University	Ruston, LA
217	Morgan State University	Baltimore, MD
218	New Mexico State University	Las Cruces, NM
219	North Carolina A&T State University	Greensboro, NC
220	Northern Arizona University	Flagstaff, AZ
221	Northern Illinois University	DeKalb, IL
222	Nova Southeastern University	Ft. Lauderdale, FL
223	Oakland University	Rochester, MI
224	Oral Roberts University	Tulsa, OK
225	Portland State University	Portland, OR
226	Regent University	Virginia Beach, VA
227	San Diego State University	San Diego, CA
228	South Dakota State University	Brookings, SD
229	Spalding University	Louisville, KY
230	St. Mary's University of Minnesota	Winona, MN
231	Tennessee State University	Nashville, TN
232	Texas A&M University--Commerce	Commerce, TX
233	Texas A&M University--Kingsville	Kingsville, TX
234	Texas Woman's University	Denton, TX
235	Trevecca Nazarene University	Nashville, TN
236	Trinity International University	Deerfield, IL
237	University of Akron	Akron, OH
238	University of Alaska--Fairbanks	Fairbanks, AK
239	University of Arkansas--Little Rock	Little Rock, AR
240	University of Bridgeport	Bridgeport, CT
241	University of Hartford	West Hartford, CT
242	University of Houston	Houston, TX
243	University of Louisiana--Lafayette	Lafayette, LA
244	University of Massachusetts--Boston	Boston, MA
245	University of Memphis	Memphis, TN
246	University of Missouri--St. Louis	St. Louis, MO
247	University of Nevada--Las Vegas	Las Vegas, NV
248	University of New Orleans	New Orleans, LA
249	University of North Texas	Denton, TX
250	University of Northern Colorado	Greeley, CO
251	University of Texas--Arlington	Arlington, TX
252	University of Texas--El Paso	El Paso, TX
253	University of Toledo	Toledo, OH
254	University of West Florida	Pensacola, FL
255	University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee	Milwaukee, WI
256	Wayne State University	Detroit, MI
257	Wichita State University	Wichita, KS
258	Wright State University	Dayton, OH

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